Feb 10, 20 chopper fed dc drives a dc chopper is connected between a fixedvoltage dc source and dc motor to vary the armature voltage. Exp 5 control of dc motors using dcdc converters a one quadrant chopper driver from ece 412 at illinois institute of technology. Loni, india accepted 14 april 2016, available online 15 april 2016, vol. Induction motor drives a operation with unbalanced source voltage and. Derive the normalized steady state performance equations of a series excited dc motor drive. The most important feature of chopper control is that the regenerative braking is carried out at very low generating speed when the drive is fed from a fixed voltage to low dc voltage. For all type of chopper circuit, the output voltage value is controlled by periodic closing and opening of the switches used in the circuit. Chopper fed speed control of separatly excited dc motor using pi controller r.
Chopper fed dc motor control is a technique used to control the speed of the motor by reducing that is by chopping the fixed dc voltage to variable dc voltage. A fuzzy logic based robust speed controller for chopper fed. Asystematic developnent of the analysis, design and testing of a thyristor scr controlled separately excited dc motor drive system was carried out by p. Chopper circuit is simple and can be modified to provide regeneration and the control is also simple. Industrial drives and applications vtu notes pdf ida pdf. The principle of operation of chopper can be understood from the circuit diagram below. Kothari 3 electrical engineering departmment shri govindram seksaria institute of technology and science, indore m.
This chopper is used when the output dc voltage has to be made higher than the input. Armature voltage control,pmdc motor,pic 18f458, chopper. Chopper control of separately excited dc motor circuit globe. Dc motors are used extensively in adjustable speed drives and position control applications. Apr 11, 2017 application of chopper in dc motor 1 for regenerative braking of dc motor 2 power control or motoring control 3 choppers are used in electric cars, airplanes and spaceships, where onboardregulated dc power supplies are required. Closed loop performance investigation of various controllers. In this work a chopper fed separately excited dc motor is used for speed control application. Dc chopper fed separately excited dc motor for motoring and braking. The speed below the base speed can be controlled by armature voltage control method.
A technique to simulate two quadrant dc chopper fed drives. The controllers used for the proposed chopper fed dc drive are, pi controller, set point weighting pi controller, fuzzy logic controller. Fractional order pid controller design for speed control of. A chopper is a device that converts fixed dc input to a variable dc output voltage directly. They differ from each other in this way that the power supply in dc drives is provided by dc motor and power supply in ac drives is provided by ac motor 1. Dc motor drive with speed control using a chopper circuit 2 model 2. The microcontroller based closed loop dc motor speed controller enables unskilled operator to use it which controls the speed of dc motor by using pwm and dc chopper. For example, subway cars, trolley buses, or battery operated vehicles are fed from a fixed voltage dc supply source. In many different applications it is required to control speed of dc motor. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of proposed flc as the dynamic response has improved tremendously with less torque and armature current ripples. Speed control of dc motor using chopper slideshare. Pdf closed loop speed control of chopper fed dc motor for. Chopper fed dc drives chopper fed dc drives o a chopper is a static device that converts fixed dc input voltage to a variable dc output voltage directly o a chopper is a high speed onoff semiconductor switch which connects source to load and disconnects the load from source at a fast speed. The transfer function of the proposed chopper fed separately excited dc motor is, controllers design method and simulation various controllers that can be used in speed control operation are available.
Printed with permission from newnes, a division of elsevier. Chopper fed speed control of dc motor using pi controller. Chopper control of separately excited dc motor drive 6. A braking chopper is an electrical switch that limits the dc bus voltage by switching the braking energy to a resistor where the braking energy is converted to heat. Four quadrant operation of chopper fed separately excited. When the chopper is on, v 0 is zero but the load voltage e drives the current through the inductor l and the chopper, l stores the energy during the time t on of the chopper. The circuit consists of a semiconductor diode, resistor, and a load. Control of chopper fed dc motor drive using artificial bee colony algorithm anguluri rajasekhar1, shantanu das2, and ajith abraham3,4 1department of electrical engineering, national institute of technologywarangal, 506004, india 2reactor control division, bhabha atomic research center, mumbai400085, india. Closed loop performance investigation of various controllers based.
Four quadrant operations of dc motor electronics hub. Understand the operation of dc drive fed through two quadrant chopper. The model simulates chopper fed dc motor drive for speed control of dc motor. Design and implementation of pid controller for a two quadrant chopper fed dc motor drive rahul v. In electronics, a chopper circuit is any of numerous types of electronic switching devices and circuits used in power control and signal applications.
Connected with dc motor circuit diagram is shown in figure 2. Analyze operation of dc drive fed through single quadrant chopper. Here the four quadrant chopper method is used that is four switching devices are used to control the speed of the motor. The principal difference between the thyristorcontrolled rectifier and the chopper is that in the former the motor current always flows through the. Modeling and control of dc chopper fed brushless dc motor. Dc motors have been used as adjustable speed machines since long and a wide range of options have evolved for this purpose. The speed under the base velocity may be controlled by way of armature voltage manage technique. Let us first understand how it generates variable dc. This paper proposes the matlab simulation of class c. Chopper fed current controlled dc motor drive using pid controller. The motor speed can be controlled by controlling the duty cycle applied to the switching devices. Dc motors are capable of providing starting and accelerating torque 4 times the rated torque.
A fuzzy logic based robust speed controller for chopper. However, the underlying hard switching strategy causes an unsatisfactory dynamic behavior, producing abrupt variations in the voltage and current of the motor. Type c chopper is formed by parallel connection of type a and type b choppers. From the above expressions speed of the separately excited dc motor or shunt motor can be controlled by. The speed control loop outputs the reference armature current of the machine. Exp 5 control of dc motors using dcdc converters a one. The dc motors are used extensively in adjustable speed drives and position control system.
After completion of this course the students acquire knowledge in. Chopper fed speed control of separatly excited dc motor. The dc motor fed by a chopper is usually modelled by the average value of armature terminal voltage 11. The speed of the separately excited dc motor can be controlled from below and above the rated speed by using buck converter. Analysis of variable speed pfc chopper fed bldc motor drive. Type b chopper or secondquadrant chopper chopper second quadrant. Stepup chopper works as a stepup transformer on dc current.
The motor drives a mechanical load characterized by inertia j, friction coeficient b, and load torque tl. In this example, you build and simulate this simple thyristor converterbased dc motor drive. Dynamic braking of dc motor by chopper controlled resistor, closedloop operation of dc drives, induction motor drives. The output speed is compared with the reference speed and error signal is fed to speed controller.
C motor is considered a siso single input and single output system having torquespeed characteristics compatible with most mechanical loads. For speed control of pmdc, closed loop method is used. It simply chops fixed dc and generates variable dc. Nov 11, 2008 the control philosophy and arrangements for a chopper fed motor are the same as for the converter fed motor, with the obvious exception that the markspace ratio of the chopper is used to vary the output voltage, rather than the firing angle. The chopper fed dc drive models dc5, dc6, dc7 produce regenerative braking in similar fashions. Pdf modeling and simulation of adaptive neurofuzzy. Dc motors have long been the primary means of electric traction. In type b or second quadrant chopper the load must always contain a dc source e.
Speed control of dc motor using mosfet based chopper. Dc chopper drives classification of chopper fed dc drives. Block diagram of pfc chopper fed bldc motor drive bldc with diode bridge rectifier with a high value dc link capacitor has a thd total harmonic distortion of 65% and power factor as low as 0. Four quadrant chopper drivesfour quadrant dc chopper drives. A dc series motor is fed from 600 v dc source through a chopper. The variable dc voltage is controlled by varying the on and offtimes of a converter.
Chopper fed dc motor drive speed control of dc motor file. The reason behind using pi controller is it removes the delay and provides fast control. The modeling of separately excited dc motor is done and the complete layout of dc drive mechanism is obtained. Control of dc motor drive fed from chopper and three phase converter various speed control methods of induction motor drives control of synchronous motor drive.
Speed control of separated excited dc motor using fuzzy logic. Theoretical waveforms illustrating the chopper operation are shown in. The choppers are widely employed for speed control of dc motors in industrial and traction drives. They are available in wide range of different power ratings, from very small motors as used in hard disk drives to large motors in electric vehicles.
This drive features closedloop speed control with fourquadrant operation. Asystematic developnent of the analysis, design and testing of a thyristor scrcontrolled separately excited dc motor drive system was carried out by p. Braking choppers are automatically activated when the actual dc bus voltage exceeds a specified level depending on the nominal voltage of the variablefrequency drive. Simulation result the simulink model of speed control of dc motor is shown in figure 4.
Matlab simulink software is used to implement and simulate apid control of a chopper fed dc motor. This paper presents the speed control methodology by varying armature voltage of the dc motor. Dc motor speed control using chopper engineers garage. One of the popular methods of speed control of dc motor is using chopper. Speed control of separated excited dc motor using fuzzy. A chopper is a high speed onoff semiconductor switch which connects source to load and disconnects the load from source at a fast speed. This makes a dc motor controllable over a wide range of speeds by proper adjustment of the terminal voltage. The control philosophy and arrangements for a chopper fed motor are the same as for the converter fed motor, with the obvious exception that the markspace ratio of the chopper is used to vary the output voltage, rather than the firing angle. Actual speed is compared with reference speed command and error is.
Power factor correction using stepup chopper fed to a dc. Fourquadrant bidirectional dc drive system based on pwm. Four quadrant chopper drivesfour quadrant dc chopper. The fourquadrant chopper dc drive dc7 block represents a fourquadrant, dc supplied, chopper or dc dc pwm converter drive for dc motors. Dc choppers applications in dc motor drives and renewable.
This paper proposes a way to govern the rate and route control of a dc motor with the help of a 4 quadrant dc dc chopper. This paper proposes a method to control the speed and direction control of a dc motor by using a four quadrant dc dc chopper. Control of ac motor drives with variable frequency and voltage converters. Dc motor drives are used drastically in adjustable pace drives and function manage programs. Bldc motors are driven by dc voltage and commutation is done electronically with the help of solid state switches. Explain operation of dc drive fed through single quadrant chopper. Closed loop control of chopper fed dc motor control. The machine initially experiences a constant load torque of 10n m. Types of chopper circuits type a, type b, type c, type d. Note in simscape electrical specialized power systems software, the twoquadrant chopper dc drive block is commonly called the dc6 motor drive. The chopper was operated at high frequency due to which it upgrade the motor performances by decreasing the ripple and removing the discontinuous conduction. Adle and rajesh rane accepted 22 july 20, available online 01 august 20, vol.
Chopper fed speed control of separatly excited dc motor using. Atulkumar dewangan, durga sharma, shikha mishra, pid controller based chopper fed dc motor drive using fuzzsy logic, international journal of engineering research and application,vol. Pdf chopper fed speed control of dc motor using pi controller. The goal of using the speed controlling of dc motor is to achieve the system at any loading condition with constant speed. Chopper fed current controlled dc motor drive using pid. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Four quadrant class e chopper fed dc motor drive, circuit diagram, operation, waveforms. In many cases, conversion of dc supply source voltage to different levels is required. Essentially, a chopper is an electronic switch that is used to interrupt one signal under the control of another. The speed control loop outputs the reference armature current of. Fourquadrant bidirectional dc drive system based on pwm technique using sg3524 for chopper dc dc converter d. Type d chopper is the two quadrant type b chopper and type e chopper is the fourth gradient chopper. The description of the circuit the dc motor is fed by the dc source through a chopper which consists of gto thyristor and freewheeling diode d1. Its frequency of operation is and its duty cycle is defined as assuming that the switch is ideal, the.
An energy transmitting device delivers power from electric motor to the driven machine or. In dc motor speed control chopper used as driver circuit, chopper converts the fixed and unregulated dc voltage in to signal or voltage coming from the fuzzy controller, the fuzzy controller drives the chopper. However, for all twoquadrant dc drives, reversible and regenerative operations reverse motoring and forward regeneration, which are required in most dc drives, cannot be obtained. A conventional pid control system is also designed and simulated. Design and implementation of pid controller for a two. Matlab simulation of chopper fed dc drive rakesh sing lodhi 1, dr. Pdf chopper fed speed control of dc motor using pi. The chopper gives variable voltage to the armature of the motor for achieving desired speed using proportional integral pi controller. Induction motor drives a operation with unbalanced source voltage and single phasing, operation with. Chopper is a device that gives variable dc output from applied fixed dc input. In this project, an armature voltage controlled dc motor has been considered. Dc drives have long been a backbone of industrial applications because of their benefits, like simplicity, reliability and favorable cost. Performance characteristics and equations of dc motor. Fractional order pid controller design for speed control.
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